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KwaZulu-Natal- Shaka's Heaven on Earth
by Andrew Muigai
 The
remarkable diversity of attractions of the KwaZulu-Natal region is unsurpassed
in South Africa. It encompasses the splendid Drakensburg Mountains, sublime
subtropical beaches, top rated nature and game reserves, historic battlefields,
rolling green hills of the Natal Midlands and the city of Durban. The range
of activities possible is a challenge even for those with the most eclectic
of tastes: swimming, fishing, boating, scuba diving, hiking, abseiling,
game viewing, cultural and historical touring, whale and bird watching
and golfing.
Warmer and more authentic
South Africa than the Cape Region, KwaZulu-Natal is the favourite holiday
destination for locals. The region lies between the Drakensberg Mountains
and Swaziland to the west; the Indian Ocean to the east stretching from
Port Edward in the south to the Mozambique border in the north. As you
transition from a subtropical to tropical environment, you encounter cool
mountain ranges, savannah grassland, coral reefs, indigenous coastal forest
and dunes, lakes and lagoons and papyrus wetlands. Here 9 million people
occupy 92,000 sq km of some the fairest and best-watered lands in South
Africa.
Little wonder that the Zulu,
or "people of heaven" considered the area a heaven on earth indeed, and
were extremely jealous of late comers who sought a share of it. And yet
the Zulu people themselves had arrived only in the 16th century. Their
ancestors, the Nguni, had been pushing southwards from the Great Lakes
region for at least three thousand years. The land was inhabited- if you
could use the term- by San Bushmen. This hunter-gatherer society was very
sparing in its demands on the land. The arrival of the Nguni, a people
with numerous cattle herds and great thirst for land, put the Bushman under
great stress and severe disadvantage.
The Zulu derive directly
from a clan head of the Nguni named "Heaven" or Zulu, who established a
territory bearing his own name or KwaZulu in the Umfolozi valley. The Zulu
was a fairly insignificant power, even among the Nguni, until the arrival
of Shaka Zulu. Shaka, born in 1787, was first-born son to Chief Senzangakhona,
but was considered illegitimate on account of a technicality. Shaka eventually
corrected this injustice by plotting the death of his younger brother -
the legitimate heir. He thus rose to be chief of his people when his father
died in 1816.
Shaka was a man gifted with
great daring, cunning and imagination. He repulsed numerous attacks by
the Ndwandwe- a rival and more militarily superior Nguni people, eventually
forcing the enemy to flee northwards. Shaka appreciated that the Ndwandwe
would be back unless he created conditions to make it impossible. Above
all else a military leader, he devised such weaponry, battle tactics and
training methods that resulted in an unbeatable army among known enemies
of the day. By numerous treacherous devices -war, assassination, deceit
and intimidation - he subdued smaller and larger clans, and gathered all
to his realm.
Within three years to 1819,
the Zulu nation emerged as the largest and most feared in the whole of
southeastern Africa. And Shaka, now King Shaka, was sitting pretty as its
head. His success had however caused unprecedented mayhem in the region,
and aroused bitter jealousy amongst his ambitious compatriots. He also
ruled with an iron fist and was such a tyrant as had never risen before
among the Zulu. Shaka was speared to death by Dingane -his half brother,
in 1824. The Zulu kingdom survived him, but his legacy was to be severely
tested, later n the century in conflicts with new rivals - the British
and Boers.
 The
British had approached Shaka, shortly before his death, for trading rights
in ivory and animal skins. Shaka signed a document granting them the chieftaincy
of Port Natal, their small base on the east coast. In a very liberal and
rather dishonest interpretation of Shaka's intentions, they claimed the
Port Natal area in the name of the King of England. Port Natal is today
known to most as Durban -and to locals as "Durbs". The city is the gateway
and business hub of KwaZulu-Natal, and the logical starting point for exploring
the region.Its port ranks among the world's top 10, and is the busiest
on the African continent. To discover KwaZulu-Natal, rent a car at Durban
or take a South Africa tour or safari that covers the region.
Durban's weather is mild
and pleasant - temperatures average 17 degrees C in winter (June-August)
and 27 degrees C in summer (December to February). Holidaymakers are favoured
with sea temperatures averaging 24 degrees C in summer rarely falling below
19 degrees C in winter. This coastal playground enjoys at least a good
320 days of sunshine every year. The rains come over the summer months,
when it can get quite hot and humid, with temperatures reaching for 33
degrees C. Long before everybody else, the San Bushmen wintered in Durban,
taking advantage of the excellent climate relative to their inland domains.
"The Golden Mile" is a 6
km long waterfront lined with some of Durban's top rated hotels</font>.
The city has some of the finest beaches in the country. Good beaches for
swimming and surfing can be found to the south of the city- Ansteys, Brighton,
Cave Rock, and Garvies. To the north- Country Club, Tekwini, and Laguna
beaches are more exclusive and less crowded. Within the city, you can visit
museums and art galleries and shop for crafts. The Kwa-Muhle museum will
educate you about Apartheid, which is important if you want to understand
South African society.
There are numerous restaurants-
Indian, African and Western - in this cosmopolitan city. The Indians started
coming here in 1860 as indentured labour for the sugar plantations. Today,
the Durban metro area has the largest Indian population outside India.
Durban stands between the North and South Coast of South Africa's eastern
seaboard. The North Coast beaches include Umhlanga Rocks, Ballito, Shaka's
Rock and Shelley Beach. Here you find good accommodation and myriad opportunities
for swimming and surfing. Around Ballito is great for watching the ever-fascinating
dolphins.
The South Coast stretches
from Durban to Port Edward and covers Hibberdene, Port Shepstone, Margate
and Southbroom. The region has fantastic beaches and matching amenities.
Between Port Edward and Hibberdene is the scene of the sardine run. This
most spectacular display of the natural world occurs around June and July.
It is triggered by a 4-5 degrees C drop in sea temperature that prompts
millions of sardines in great shoals to head northwards. On this dash,
game fish, dolphins, sharks, whales and others of their mortal enemies
follow. This unforgettable experience appears to be the marine world's
answer to the annual wildebeest migration on the Kenya-Tanzania border.
To see wildlife you can travel
to the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, 175 km to the northeast of Durban. This
combination of the game reserves of Hluhluwe and Umfolozi occupies 960
sq km. The park is mostly savannah grasslands and low acacia bush, but
has a forested mountainous section. You will see the famed "big five"-
lion, elephant, buffalo, leopard and rhino. The park is well known for
its very successful black and white rhino conservation efforts. Other animal
species to look out for include impala, blue wildebeest, waterbuck, zebra,
nyala, kudu, bushbuck, warthog, cheetah, hyena, jackal and giraffe. Birding
is great and over 300 species are on record.
You can see game on guided
walks, but for obvious reasons, an armed ranger must accompany you. The
less adventurous will have an equally satisfying game viewing experience
aboard a vehicle. Accommodation in the Umfolozi reserve is available at
various bush camps at Sontuli, Nselweni and Mndindini and at the self-catering
cottages and tented camp at Mpila. At Hluhluwe, the well-positioned Hilltop
Camp offers accommodation ranging from a luxury lodge to self-catering
chalets and rondavels. The dry season in the Hluhluwe-Umfolozi area falls
between May and August, while most off the rains fall within the rest of
the year.
 To
the northeast of KwaZulu Natal is the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park, which
stretches along a 280 km coastline from Cape St Lucia to Kozi Bay near
the Mozambique border. This first rate eco-tourism paradise, is an amalgamation
of a number of protected areas including - Lake St Lucia, St Lucia and
Maputaland Marine Reserves, Coastal Forest Reserve and the Kosi Bay Natural
Reserve. Declared a World Heritage Site in 1999, the official bulletin
justifying this distinction highlighted the existence of 5 ecosystems resulting
in an exceptional diversity of species and actual ongoing speciation.
The park is a tropical and
subtropical interface and has landforms that include coral reefs, sandy
beaches, coastal dunes, lakes, swamps, and reed and papyrus wetlands. It
occupies more than 3200 sq km, but supports more animal species than larger
parks. Here you can find hippos, turtles, crocodiles, rhino, leopard and
sharks. The birding is unsurpassed and more than 530 species are on record.
The numerous activities possible include- fishing, hiking, boating, diving,
game viewing and whale and bird watching. You can seek accommodation within
the park or nearby towns in the range of basic camps and luxury game lodges
to hotels and self-catering chalets.
Sodwana Bay Nature Reserve,
which falls within the Greater St Lucia Wetland Park is a haven for sport
fishing, boating, snorkeling and scuba diving. The underwater world, and
the coral reefs in particular are outstanding, and the marine life plenty.
This is one of the world's top diving destinations. You can visit year
round, but conditions for diving are best April to September. Water temperatures
vary from about 20 degrees C and can reach 29 degrees C in summer. Take
time off from water sports for a guided to see loggerhead and leatherback
turtles. There is good accommodation for most budgets nearby.
The Drakenberg Mountains
on KwaZulu-Natal's western border are one of South Africa's most outstanding
attractions. Rising 3282 m above sea level, the spectacular 200 km long
mountain ranges were named by the martial minded Zulu as uKhahlamba or
"Barrier of Spears". The thoroughly photogenic "Amphitheatre" is very impressive
and is popular with visitors. This is a rock wall with a height of 500m
and stretching for 5 km. Many adventure activities are available here in
the most scenic of surroundings, including- hiking, rock climbing, mountain
biking, paragliding, white-water rafting, birding, and fly and trout fishing.
There are several parks and
game reserves around the Drakensberg Mountains, the most prominent of which
is the 2430 sq km uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park. It was declared a World
Heritage Site in 2000 mainly for two reasons; first for its remarkable
physical charm and biological diversity, and second to highlight the outstanding
collection of San rock art. Scattered over 600 sites; there are more than
35,000 well-preserved artworks, with scenes depicting hunting, dancing,
fighting and food gathering. The oldest paintings are estimated to date
back 2400 years, with more recent ones less than 200 years old.
Scholars have in recent years
studied San rock art closely and the consensus now is that this is not
merely representation art but it has some spiritual content. At the Kamberg
Rock Art Centre, you can learn more about the San people, and how to interpret
the symbolic and spiritual content of their art. In the Drakensberg region,
there is a very wide range of accommodation including - basic bed &
breakfasts, guesthouses, camps, hotels, and luxury resorts. The rains come
in summer between October and April, with the rest of the year being mostly
dry. Beware that winter nights can get extremely chilly and of sudden thunderstorms
in summer.
Descending from the Drakensberg,
you can visit the battlefield sites, where some of South Africa's most
vicious battles were fought. The protagonists were Zulu, Boer and British
who engaged one another in the nineteenth and early twentieth century.
The hottest battles were fought in areas around Colenso, Weenen, Dundee,
Estcourt, Glencoe, Ladysmith, Newcastle, Utrecht, Volksrust, Vryheid and
Winterton.
The Voortrekkers had headed
north away from the Cape Colony to escape British control. After crossing
the Drakensberg, just like the Zulu people earlier, they believed they
had reached "Heaven on Earth". Conflicts over land and other resources
were inevitable and in several episodes between 1836-1852, the two parties
sought a resolution through arms. Next came the Anglo-Zulu war of 1879.
The British eventually won, but they met a number of disasters as they
had initially underestimated the Zulu army. This is the war that broke
the hearts of Bonaparte royalists after Prince Louis Napoleon - an observer
with the British party- succumbed to multiple assegai thrusts.
The British were busy making
war again, this time on the Boers between 1880-81. They lost the war, made
peace but sought a rematch in the Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902. This second
engagement attracted worldwide attention, and it was the first war ever
recorded on film. Two of the giants of the twentieth century were witnesses
- Churchill as a reporter, and Gandhi as a stretcher-bearer. It is advisable
to tour with an accredited battlefield guide, who will retell the story
of the battles at various sites. While in the area, there are opportunities
to learn about Zulu history and culture, and also to buy local arts and
crafts.
Copyright © Africa Point
About the Author
Andrew Muigai is editor
of AfricaPoint Insider online newsletter. It is part of AfricaPoint.com-
the Africa travel website that has helped thousands of travelers discover
Africa. You can view more info on Tanzania
safari and tours at the website.
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